Building a Student Information System in C++
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Block 1: Header Files and Namespace
```cpp
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
```
- This block includes necessary header files for input/output operations, working with vectors, string manipulation, and formatting.
- It also brings the `std` namespace into the current scope, allowing the use of standard C++ library components without specifying the namespace.
Block 2: Utility Functions
```cpp
const string TRY_AGAIN = "\nPlease try again.\";
bool isBlank(const string& str) { ... }
bool isValidSectionCapacity(const string& capacity) { ... }
int parseSectionCapacity(const string& capacity) { ... }
bool isValidBirthYear(const string& birthYear) { ... }
int parseBirthYear(const string& birthYear) { ... }
bool isValidPointsEarned(const string& pointsEarned) { ... }
int parsePointsEarned(const string& pointsEarned) { ... }
```
This block defines several utility functions used in the program for input validation and parsing:
- `isBlank` checks if a string is blank (contains only spaces).
- `isValidSectionCapacity` checks if the input for section capacity is valid.
- `parseSectionCapacity` attempts to convert the section capacity string to an integer.
- `isValidBirthYear` checks if the input for a student's birth year is valid.
- `parseBirthYear` attempts to convert the birth year string to an integer.
- `isValidPointsEarned` checks if the input for points earned is valid.
- `parsePointsEarned` attempts to convert the points earned string to an integer.
Block 3: Student Class
```cpp
class Student {
private:
string name;
int birthYear;
int pointsEarned;
public:
Student(const string& name, int birthYear, int pointsEarned)
: name(name), birthYear(birthYear), pointsEarned(pointsEarned) {}
const string& getName() const {
return name;
}
void setName(const string& name) {
this->name = name;
}
int getBirthYear() const {
return birthYear;
}
void setBirthYear(int birthYear) {
this->birthYear = birthYear;
}
int getPointsEarned() const {
return pointsEarned;
}
void setPointsEarned(int pointsEarned) {
this->pointsEarned = pointsEarned;
}
char calculateLetterGrade() const {
if (pointsEarned >= 900 && pointsEarned <= 1010) {
return 'A';
}
else if (pointsEarned >= 800 && pointsEarned <= 899) {
return 'B';
}
else if (pointsEarned >= 700 && pointsEarned <= 799) {
return 'C';
}
else if (pointsEarned >= 600 && pointsEarned <= 699) {
return 'D';
}
else {
return 'F';
}
}
void displayInfo() const {
cout << setw(15) << left << name
<< setw(10) << right << birthYear
<< setw(10) << pointsEarned
<< setw(10) << calculateLetterGrade() << endl;
}
};
```
- This block defines a `Student` class, which represents individual students with properties like name, birth year, and points earned.
- It includes a constructor and various getter and setter methods to manage the student's information.
- The `calculateLetterGrade` method calculates and returns a letter grade based on the points earned.
- The `displayInfo` method displays a student's information in a formatted way.
Block 4: ClassSection Class
```cpp
class ClassSection {
private:
string className;
string sectionName;
int sectionCapacity;
vector students;
public:
ClassSection(const string& className, const string& sectionName, int sectionCapacity)
: className(className), sectionName(sectionName), sectionCapacity(sectionCapacity) {}
const string& getClassName() const {
return className;
}
void setClassName(const string& className) {
this->className = className;
}
const string& getSectionName() const {
return sectionName;
}
void setSectionName(const string& sectionName) {
this->sectionName = sectionName;
}
int getSectionCapacity() const {
return sectionCapacity;
}
void setSectionCapacity(int sectionCapacity) {
this->sectionCapacity = sectionCapacity;
}
int getNumberOfStudents() const {
return students.size();
}
void addStudent(const Student& student) {
students.push_back(student);
}
void listStudents() const {
if (students.size() > 0) {
cout << "Class Report with Students" << endl;
cout << "====================" << endl;
cout << setw(23) << left << "Class Name: " << className << endl;
cout << setw(23) << left << "Section Name: " << sectionName << endl;
cout << setw(23) << left << "Section Capacity: " << sectionCapacity << endl;
cout << setw(23) << left << "Students Enrolled: " << students.size() << endl;
cout << "\nStudents in Class/Section" << endl;
cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
cout << setw(23) << left << "Student's Name"
<< setw(15) << right << "Birth Year"
<< setw(20) << "Points Earned"
<< setw(15) << "Letter Grade" << endl;
cout << "-----------------------"
<< "---------------"
<< "-------------------"
<< "---------------" << endl;
for (const auto& student : students) {
student.displayInfo();
}
}
else {
cout << "There are no students assigned to this section." << endl;
}
}
};
```
- This block defines a `ClassSection` class, representing a class section with a class name, section name, section capacity, and a vector of students.
- It includes methods to set and retrieve information about the class section, add students, and list students.
Block 5: `clearCin` Function
```cpp
void clearCin() {
cin.clear();
cin.ignore(numeric_limits::max(), '\n');
}
```
- This function is used to clear the input stream (cin) to prevent unexpected behavior due to invalid input.
Block 6: Main Function
```cpp
int main() {
string className, sectionName, sectionCapacityStr;
int sectionCapacity;
cout << "Enter the class name: ";
getline(cin, className);
while (isBlank(className)) {
cout << "Class name cannot be blank. Please try again: ";
getline(cin, className);
}
cout << "Enter the section name: ";
getline(cin, sectionName);
while (isBlank(sectionName)) {
cout << "Section name cannot be blank. Please try again: ";
getline(cin, sectionName);
}
cout << "Enter the section capacity: ";
getline(cin, sectionCapacityStr);
while (!isValidSectionCapacity(sectionCapacityStr) || (sectionCapacity = parseSectionCapacity(sectionCapacityStr)) <= 0) {
cout << "Maximum students in a section must be between 1 and 10 inclusive. Please try again: ";
getline(cin, sectionCapacityStr);
}
ClassSection classSection(className, sectionName, sectionCapacity);
char choice;
do {
cout << "\n--- Menu ---" << endl;
cout << "1. Add a student" << endl;
cout << "2. List all students" << endl;
cout << "3. Exit" << endl;
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
while (!(cin >> choice)) {
cout << TRY_AGAIN;
clearCin();
}
clearCin();
switch (choice) {
case '1': {
if (sectionCapacity == classSection.getNumberOfStudents()) {
cout << "The section has the maximum number of students." << endl;
}
else {
string name, birthYearStr, pointsEarnedStr;
int birthYear, pointsEarned;
cout << "\nEnter student's name: ";
getline(cin, name);
cout << "Enter the student's birth year (4 digits): ";
getline(cin, birthYearStr);
while (!isValidBirthYear(birthYearStr) || (birthYear = parseBirthYear(birthYearStr)) <= 0) {
cout << "Birth year must be a 4-digit numeric value. Please try again: ";
getline(cin, birthYearStr);
}
cout << "Enter the student's points earned (0-1010): ";
getline(cin, pointsEarnedStr);
while (!isValidPointsEarned(pointsEarnedStr) || (pointsEarned = parsePointsEarned(pointsEarnedStr)) == -1) {
cout << "Points earned must be a numeric value between 0 and 1010. Please try again: ";
getline(cin, pointsEarnedStr);
}
Student student(name, birthYear, pointsEarned);
classSection.addStudent(student);
cout << "\nStudent added successfully." << endl;
}
break;
}
case '2':
cout << "\n--- List of Students ---" << endl;
classSection.listStudents();
break;
case '3':
cout << "\nExiting program." << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "\nInvalid choice. Please try again." << endl;
break;
}
} while (choice != '3');
return 0;
}
```
- This is the main function, which serves as the entry point of the program.
- It begins by collecting information about the class section (class name, section name, and section capacity).
- Then, it presents a menu allowing the user to add students, list all students, or exit the program.
- Inside the menu, user choices are processed using a switch statement, and relevant actions are taken based on the user's input.
The program runs in a loop, allowing the user to interact with it until they choose to exit.
Conclusion
This C++ program provides a simple and structured system for managing a class section, adding students, and displaying their information. It prioritizes input validation, uses classes to organize data and functionality, and offers a user-friendly menu for ease of use. This project is an excellent example of how C++ can be used to handle and manipulate data effectively. By gaining proficiency in this program, you'll not only acquire valuable programming skills but also a solid understanding of data management principles. This knowledge will be invaluable as you embark on more complex programming tasks and projects in the world of C++. Happy coding!